The cryogenic technology chosen for the LHC was developed by the Commissariat à l' Énergie Atomique in Grenoble, and pioneered industrially for the Torus Supra fusion tokamak At Cadarache, France. It use superfluid helium, which has unusually efficient heat transfer properties, allowing kilowatts of refrigeration to Be transported over more than has kilometre with has temperature drop of less than 0.1 K.
(excerpt from a page pertaining to the official site CERN)
Ces phrases illustrent la place du SBT dans l'histoire de l'utilisation et du développement du superfluide. Elles retracent également la démarche ayant abouti à l'actuel schéma de refroidissement du LHC.
Diagram of cooling using the diphasic helium flow
Fundamental studies of diphasic helium II in a tube with weak slope are carried out in experiment CRYOLOOP. This program, carried out with the collaboration of the CNRS/CRTBT and the CERN, aims at the study of transfers of diphasic heat through almost horizontal tube 40 mms in diameter. The comprehension of this phenomenon required the development of an adapted instrumentation.